请帮忙翻译成英文（有关医学的）
http://www.moh.gov.cn/uploadfile/200662153858558.doc
牙菌斑:plaque (疾病及健康词汇: http://www.geocities.jp/ps_dictionary/medical2/102.htm)
牙龈炎症gingivitis
牙龈指数gingivitis index
牙龈出血指数（bleeding index，BI）：
检测标准testing standard
适用范围Application scope
牙膏toothpaste
漱口水Mouthwash(Gargle, Dental water也可以的)
制定本标准所参考的文献和标准Reference and criteria
临床试验clinical trial
活性成分Active Ingredients
一般原则”（general principles）
患者 suffers
control对照
随机randomization
盲法(Blind Method)
Stratified method分层
功效应Effect
口腔护理用品Oral & dental care Products
阴性对照negative control
阳性对照positive control
赋形剂(excipitens).
稳定性 stability
生物利用度Biological Utilization
药剂等效性, pharmaceutical equivalence
安慰剂, placebo
位点 site
受试者subject
成年男性和女性 male and female adults
为符合纳入及排除标准的: 不能理解，抱歉，自己再改改吧！
BOP Bleeding on probing
颊侧buccal ridge
舌侧lingual
The fourth part: Testing criteria of plaque reduction and gingivitis abating.
Application scope: This criteria is applicable for the products for plaque reduction and gingivitis abating, including toothpaste, mouthwash and other products.
Reference and criteria：
Clinical trials of plaque reduction and gingivitis abating
First: General principles
1. The products containing new active ingredients or systems
The effects of the products containing new active ingredients or systems for plaque reduction and gingivitis abating should be determined by two separate clinical trails.
2．The products containing the active ingredients determined by clinical trails
The effects of oral & dental care products containing the active ingredients and systems determined by clinical trails for plaque reduction and gingivitis abating should be tested the equivalence between the products to be checked and the positive control products which contained the same concentration of active ingredients after choosing proper gingivitis suffers, and also should set up negative control or placebo control group.
3．The effects of the products (such as toothpaste) containing various excipitens（inactive ingredients）which may affect the activity of plaque reduction and gingivitis abating should be tested by clinical trails.
4．The biological utilization and stability of the active ingredients in the blend should be provided with available testimony by the applicant.
Second: Research designs (randomization and control)
Generally the blind method、the stratified method, and the dual-unit parallel observation are used as clinical research methods.
Third: Testing period
The period need for the clinical trails of plaque reduction and gingivitis abating is fairly long. Generally it should be six months, and three clinical check at least (baseline, three months, and six months).
Fourth: Research objectives:
The subjects should be male and female adults suffered from gingivitis
Generally the subject number should be more than 30 in a complete trail.
Fifth: Checking index
1．The checking index should include acknowledged plaque index and the index which may reflect the gingivitis degree. The former includes plaque coverage (such as Quigley & Hein’s PLI modified by Turesky) or bacterium spot thickness (Silness & Löe’s PLI), stress on the observation of bacterium spots near and adjacent to the edge of the gum. If the above index is used, the reasons should be given. Record the degree of gingivitis expressed as bleeding index (BI) (Mazza), MBI, and BOP % (the percent of bleeding on probing sites to the total sites in the whole mouth after examination). The shape and color changing of gum edge and gum nipple could also be used as basic index, such as gingivitis index (GI). If other methods are used, they should have at least the same sensitivity as the above methods.
2．In principle, all the teeth in the mouth should be checked and recorded and six sites (Near-central of the buccal ridge, central of the buccal ridge, far-central of the buccal ridge, near-central of the lingual, central of the lingual, far-central of the lingual) or four sites (three sites of the buccal ridge and central of the lingual) of each tooth should be checked. The representative teeth shouldn’t be used(such as Ramfjord teeth, CPI teeth, etc).
Sixth: Issue and application of products
1．The effective ingredients and concentration of the products to be checked
should be the same as that of thepositive control products, other accessory ingredients should be the same or similar. Their appearance should be similar, if this requirement can not be achieve, then we can only fulfill the single-blind trail and issued the products by non-checkers.
2. Tell the subjects about the using requirement and the attention. We should do quantification as possible, the dosage of toothpaste (such as 1 cm long, 10ml mouthwash or one cover of the bottle/time), applied times daily, duration etc.
3．The conditions should be kept identical as possible except for the testing products. If the subjects use the same toothbrush, their original brushing habits might be kept. For the following reasons: ① Even though they are taught the uniform methods, not always every person can grasp and abide them; ② we should make the experiment similar to various people in their natural lives.
Seventh: Evaluation of effect
1．According to medical stat. Method, we analyze the variation of the whole-mouth mean values of every index of the treatment group and the control group respectively before and after the tests, then analyzes the index variations during every period between the two groups.
2. The evaluation of the effect should be determined according to the mean value variation and block comparison of each clinical index. And all the values and stat. Results should be listed in the report, The subjective evaluated criterion should not be used alone（high effective, effective, little effective, non-effective）. In every clinical trail by comparison of the control group and the treatment group, every index reduction should meet the following conditions:[(Control-Treatment)/Control]≥15％。
3．The products for gingivitis controlling by reducing the amount of bacteric spots or change the disease caused by the bacteric spots should have significant difference.
The fourth part of reduced tooth fungus spot and reduces the gum inflammation the examination standard applicable scope: This standard is suitable to the appraisal and the confirmation includes the reduced tooth fungus spot and reduces the gum inflammation ingredient the product, including the toothpaste, rinses the saliva as well as other products. Formulates literature and standard which this standard refers: The reduced tooth fungus spot and reduces the gum inflammation the clinical test one, the principle of equality 1. Includes the new active constituent either the system product includes the new active constituent or the system reduced tooth fungus spot and reduces the gum inflammation the product merit effect by two independent clinical laboratories confirmations. 2. includes clinical has confirmed the active constituent product was included already clinical has confirmed the reduced tooth fungus spot and reduces the gum inflammation active constituent or the system oral cavity nurses the thing the effect, may choose the suitable gum inflammation patient, the confirmation includes the same density active constituent to examine the product and the masculine comparison product , also should set up the negative comparison or the placebo comparison group. 3. products (for example toothpaste) includes differently, is possible when affects the reduced tooth fungus spot and reduces the gum inflammation active excipient (non- active constituent), its merit effect through clinical test confirmation. In 4. formulas the active constituent biology and the stability needs to provide the effective proof by the applicant. Second, the research design (is stochastic and comparison) generally should use method, the lamination, two units parallel observations clinical research technique blindly. Third, the experimental deadline reduction tooth fungus spot and reduces the gum inflammation the clinical laboratory to need the viewing time to be longer. Generally should be 6 months, at least carries on three times of clinical examinations (baseline, 3 months, 6 months). Fourth, research object: For tallies trying brings into line with and removes the standard to contract the gum inflammation the adult male and the female. The common each group completes experimental the crowd quantity to be supposed to be bigger than 30 people. Fifth, the inspection target or uses index 1. to be supposed to include the recognition the tooth fungus spot index and the reflection gum inflammation degree target. Former including the tooth fungus spot cover area (for example by Turesky improvement Quigley & Hein PLI) or fungus spot thickness (Silness & L e PLI), should observe nearby the reason and the neighbouring surface fungus spot with emphasis. When selects the above target, should give the reason. The use gum hemorrhage index recording inflammation serious degree, may use BI (Mazza) or MBI, after also may use BOP% (namely to search examines has hemorrhage position spot to occupy the entire mouth total position spot %). Also may use by the edge and the nipple the shape color changes for the foundation index, like gum index (GI). If has used the alternative means, these methods should have at least the same sensitivity. 2. in principle should inspect and record entire mouth all toeet, each tooth inspects 6 units places (cheek center, cheek side central committee, cheek side far center, tongue center, tongue side central committee, tongue side is far) or 4 units places (cheek side three units places and tongue side central). Not suitably uses represents the tooth (for example the Ramfjord tooth, the CPI tooth and so on). Sixth, the product provides and uses 1. to receive examines the product and the masculine comparison product should include the same active principle and the density, other supplementary materials and so on become the duty same or are similar. The outside wrapping and the outward appearance should be same, if cannot meet this requirements, then only can implement the list blind experiment, provides the product by the non- inspector. 2. to receives the trying explanation operation requirements and the matters needing attention. Achieves as far as possible quantitative, the toothpaste each time amount of use (for example paste body length is 1 centimeter, contains rinses fluid each time 10ml or a bottle cap and so on), the unification uses the number of times every day, the duration and so on. 3. should maintain as far as possible besides the confirmation product the condition is consistent, if possesses the trying use same toothbrush, but may maintain the trying original custom is cleaned the teeth the method. Because (1) even if teaches to unify the method, the uncertain each person all can very good grasp and observe; (2) Causes the experiment comparatively to conform to in the real life the different crowd's situation. Seventh, the effect appraises 1. to press the medicine statistical method, to experiments the group and around the comparison component other statistics experiment each target entire mouth average value change situation; And carries on two groups of between each o'clock compartment, various targets change statistics analysis. 2. The effect evaluates should based on each clinical target average value change and the group quite definite, reported should list each value and statistics result, not the suitable pure use from draws up four levels of evaluation criterias (show results, effectively, progressive, are invalid). In each clinical research, the comparison group and the experimental group compare, each target reduction should satisfy the following condition: [ (Comparison - experiment)/comparison ] >= 15%. 3. controls the gum inflammation through the reduced fungus spot quantity either the change fungus spot pathogenicity the product to be supposed to determine the fungus spot quantity the reduction or pathogenic decreasing, and has statistics difference.
The fourth part of reduced tooth fungus spot and reduces the gum
inflammation the examination standard applicable scope: This standard
is suitable to the appraisal and the confirmation includes the reduced
tooth fungus spot and reduces the gum inflammation ingredient the
product, including the toothpaste, rinses the saliva as well as other
products. Formulates literature and standard which this standard
refers: The reduced tooth fungus spot and reduces the gum inflammation
the clinical test one, the principle of equality 1. Includes the new
active constituent either the system product includes the new active
constituent or the system reduced tooth fungus spot and reduces the
gum inflammation the product merit effect by two independent clinical
laboratories confirmations. 2. includes clinical has confirmed the
active constituent product was included already clinical has confirmed
the reduced tooth fungus spot and reduces the gum inflammation active
constituent or the system oral cavity nurses the thing the effect, may
choose the suitable gum inflammation patient, the confirmation
includes the same density active constituent to examine the product
and the masculine comparison product 等效性, also should set up the
negative comparison or the placebo comparison group. 3. products (for
example toothpaste) includes differently, is possible when affects the
reduced tooth fungus spot and reduces the gum inflammation active
excipient (non- active constituent), its merit effect through clinical
test confirmation. In 4. formulas the active constituent biology
利用度 and the stability needs to provide the effective proof by
the applicant. Second, the research design (is stochastic and
comparison) generally should use method, the lamination, two units
parallel observations clinical research technique blindly. Third, the
experimental deadline reduction tooth fungus spot and reduces the gum
inflammation the clinical laboratory to need the viewing time to be
longer. Generally should be 6 months, at least carries on three times
of clinical examinations (baseline, 3 months, 6 months). Fourth,
research object: For tallies trying brings into line with and removes
the standard to contract the gum inflammation the adult male and the
female. The common each group completes experimental the crowd
quantity to be supposed to be bigger than 30 people. Fifth, the
inspection target or uses index 1. to be supposed to include the
recognition the tooth fungus spot index and the reflection gum
inflammation degree target. Former including the tooth fungus spot
cover area (for example by Turesky improvement Quigley & Hein PLI) or
fungus spot thickness (Silness & L □e PLI), should observe 龈
nearby the reason and the neighbouring surface fungus spot with
emphasis. When selects the above target, should give the reason. The
use gum hemorrhage index recording 龈 inflammation serious degree,
may use BI (Mazza) or MBI, after also may use BOP% (namely to search
examines has hemorrhage position spot to occupy the entire mouth total
position spot %). Also may use by 龈 the edge and 龈 the nipple the
shape color changes for the foundation index, like gum index (GI). If
has used the alternative means, these methods should have at least the
same sensitivity. 2. in principle should inspect and record entire
mouth all toeet, each tooth inspects 6 units places (cheek 侧近
center, cheek side central committee, cheek side far center, tongue
侧近 center, tongue side central committee, tongue side is far) or 4
units places (cheek side three units places and tongue side central).
Not suitably uses represents the tooth (for example the Ramfjord
tooth, the CPI tooth and so on). Sixth, the product provides and uses
1. to receive examines
Part IV reduce inflammation of the gums behind and mitigation standards Application : The standards applicable to the assessment and certification contain enough to reduce inflammation and alleviate inner components of products including toothpaste, wash water and other products. The enactment of this standard reference literature and standards : Ability to reduce inflammation and alleviate Most clinical trials First, the general principles 1. Containing new active ingredients or product system Containing new active ingredients or systematic enough to reduce inflammation and alleviate back the efficacy of products should be two independent clinical testing certification. 2. Has been tested to contain the active ingredient clinical products Clinical containing has been tested to reduce plaque and periodontal inflammation active ingredients or reduce the system's effectiveness oral care supplies, choose appropriate Yakenyan patients, the certification contain the same concentration of active ingredients imported products and products with the equivalent of positive, but also negative in the establishment of a control group or placebo. 3. Products (such as toothpaste) containing different, may affect ability to reduce inflammation and alleviate Most of the 237,448 active (non-reactive components), its effectiveness through clinical testing certification. 4. Biological active ingredients, recipes and stability needed for use by the applicant to provide effective proof. Second, the research design (random and compare) General law should be applied blind, stratified, two units parallel observation clinical research methods. Third, the duration of the pilot Ability to reduce inflammation and alleviate Most clinical trials required to observe longer. Normally be for six months, at least three clinical examination (baseline, three months, six months). 4, the study : Applying the exclusion criteria and to meet with Yakenyan into adult male and female. General group completed pilot groups should be greater than the number 30. 5, inspection or use indicators index 1. Should include recognized easily index and the indicators reflect the degree of periodontal inflammation. The former includes enough coverage (such as from the Turesky improved Quigley & Hein PLI) or Junban thickness (Silness & L ö e PLI), the focus should be observed near the gums and neighbors face the fate Junban. In selecting the above-mentioned indicators, should be explained and justified. Use the index recorded Kenyan bleeding gums extent of available BI (controls) or MBI, also available BOP% (mine up the place after a bleeding point total population% of the total spaces points). May also be used to bite and bite at the nipple changes colour patterns based index, such as the ability index (GI). If the use of other methods, these methods should have at least the same sensitivity. 2. In principle, there should be checks and records all around the mouth of teeth, dental check every six spaces points (adjacent to the mouth, cheek side of the central and lateral entry far, nearly broke side, adjacent to the tongue, tongue side far), or four spaces points (adjacent to three entry points and places adjacent to the tongue). Inappropriate use of teeth (as Ramfjord teeth, CPI teeth, etc.). 6, the issuance and use of products 1. Quick comparison of products and positive effective products should contain the same concentration of ingredients and other textiles, and other elements should be identical or similar. Overpack and appearance should be similar, if not achieved this requirement, then only a single blind testing by the inspection of non-payment products. 2. To the degree that use requirements and attention matters. As far as possible quantitative, toothpaste every usage (such as the length of one Gaoti centimeters, or one 10ml bottle each Hanshu fluid, etc.), daily use of uniform frequency, duration, etc. 3. In addition to the certification of products should be maintained outside the terms agreed, as all use the same toothbrush degree, but can maintain the original degree Brushing habits. First, because even with the uniform methodology, not necessarily good person can grasp and compliance; Second, to test a more realistic life different groups. 7, the evaluation results 1. According to the medical statistical methods to test and control groups, respectively, the indicators of statistical tests and the entire population mean changes; And the time between the two groups, and changes in the statistical analysis of the indicators. 2. Results of the assessment should be based on the clinical indicators and distance changes between the comparative group identified, the report should include the value of statistics and the results should not simply be used from the 4 evaluation criteria (soil, effective, progress, invalid). In each clinical research, testing group compared with a control group, the target should be reduced to meet the following conditions : [(contrast-test) / contrast ]=15%. 3. By reducing the volume or change Junban Junban pathogenic inflammation of the gums and control products should be reduced or volume measurement Junban reduce pathogenic nature, and have statistical differences.
不晓得准不?
牙菌斑:plaque (疾病及健康词汇: http://www.geocities.jp/ps_dictionary/medical2/102.htm)
牙龈炎症gingivitis
牙龈指数gingivitis index
牙龈出血指数（bleeding index，BI）：
检测标准testing standard
适用范围Application scope
牙膏toothpaste
漱口水Mouthwash(Gargle, Dental water也可以的)
制定本标准所参考的文献和标准Reference and criteria
临床试验clinical trial
活性成分Active Ingredients
一般原则”（general principles）
患者 suffers
control对照
随机randomization
盲法(Blind Method)
Stratified method分层
功效应Effect
口腔护理用品Oral & dental care Products
阴性对照negative control
阳性对照positive control
赋形剂(excipitens).
稳定性 stability
生物利用度Biological Utilization
药剂等效性, pharmaceutical equivalence
安慰剂, placebo
位点 site
受试者subject
成年男性和女性 male and female adults
为符合纳入及排除标准的: 不能理解，抱歉，自己再改改吧！
BOP Bleeding on probing
颊侧buccal ridge
舌侧lingual
The fourth part: Testing criteria of plaque reduction and gingivitis abating.
Application scope: This criteria is applicable for the products for plaque reduction and gingivitis abating, including toothpaste, mouthwash and other products.
Reference and criteria：
Clinical trials of plaque reduction and gingivitis abating
First: General principles
1. The products containing new active ingredients or systems
The effects of the products containing new active ingredients or systems for plaque reduction and gingivitis abating should be determined by two separate clinical trails.
2．The products containing the active ingredients determined by clinical trails
The effects of oral & dental care products containing the active ingredients and systems determined by clinical trails for plaque reduction and gingivitis abating should be tested the equivalence between the products to be checked and the positive control products which contained the same concentration of active ingredients after choosing proper gingivitis suffers, and also should set up negative control or placebo control group.
3．The effects of the products (such as toothpaste) containing various excipitens（inactive ingredients）which may affect the activity of plaque reduction and gingivitis abating should be tested by clinical trails.
4．The biological utilization and stability of the active ingredients in the blend should be provided with available testimony by the applicant.
Second: Research designs (randomization and control)
Generally the blind method、the stratified method, and the dual-unit parallel observation are used as clinical research methods.
Third: Testing period
The period need for the clinical trails of plaque reduction and gingivitis abating is fairly long. Generally it should be six months, and three clinical check at least (baseline, three months, and six months).
Fourth: Research objectives:
The subjects should be male and female adults suffered from gingivitis
Generally the subject number should be more than 30 in a complete trail.
Fifth: Checking index
1．The checking index should include acknowledged plaque index and the index which may reflect the gingivitis degree. The former includes plaque coverage (such as Quigley & Hein’s PLI modified by Turesky) or bacterium spot thickness (Silness & Löe’s PLI), stress on the observation of bacterium spots near and adjacent to the edge of the gum. If the above index is used, the reasons should be given. Record the degree of gingivitis expressed as bleeding index (BI) (Mazza), MBI, and BOP % (the percent of bleeding on probing sites to the total sites in the whole mouth after examination). The shape and color changing of gum edge and gum nipple could also be used as basic index, such as gingivitis index (GI). If other methods are used, they should have at least the same sensitivity as the above methods.
2．In principle, all the teeth in the mouth should be checked and recorded and six sites (Near-central of the buccal ridge, central of the buccal ridge, far-central of the buccal ridge, near-central of the lingual, central of the lingual, far-central of the lingual) or four sites (three sites of the buccal ridge and central of the lingual) of each tooth should be checked. The representative teeth shouldn’t be used(such as Ramfjord teeth, CPI teeth, etc).
Sixth: Issue and application of products
1．The effective ingredients and concentration of the products to be checked
should be the same as that of thepositive control products, other accessory ingredients should be the same or similar. Their appearance should be similar, if this requirement can not be achieve, then we can only fulfill the single-blind trail and issued the products by non-checkers.
2. Tell the subjects about the using requirement and the attention. We should do quantification as possible, the dosage of toothpaste (such as 1 cm long, 10ml mouthwash or one cover of the bottle/time), applied times daily, duration etc.
3．The conditions should be kept identical as possible except for the testing products. If the subjects use the same toothbrush, their original brushing habits might be kept. For the following reasons: ① Even though they are taught the uniform methods, not always every person can grasp and abide them; ② we should make the experiment similar to various people in their natural lives.
Seventh: Evaluation of effect
1．According to medical stat. Method, we analyze the variation of the whole-mouth mean values of every index of the treatment group and the control group respectively before and after the tests, then analyzes the index variations during every period between the two groups.
2. The evaluation of the effect should be determined according to the mean value variation and block comparison of each clinical index. And all the values and stat. Results should be listed in the report, The subjective evaluated criterion should not be used alone（high effective, effective, little effective, non-effective）. In every clinical trail by comparison of the control group and the treatment group, every index reduction should meet the following conditions:[(Control-Treatment)/Control]≥15％。
3．The products for gingivitis controlling by reducing the amount of bacteric spots or change the disease caused by the bacteric spots should have significant difference.
The fourth part of reduced tooth fungus spot and reduces the gum inflammation the examination standard applicable scope: This standard is suitable to the appraisal and the confirmation includes the reduced tooth fungus spot and reduces the gum inflammation ingredient the product, including the toothpaste, rinses the saliva as well as other products. Formulates literature and standard which this standard refers: The reduced tooth fungus spot and reduces the gum inflammation the clinical test one, the principle of equality 1. Includes the new active constituent either the system product includes the new active constituent or the system reduced tooth fungus spot and reduces the gum inflammation the product merit effect by two independent clinical laboratories confirmations. 2. includes clinical has confirmed the active constituent product was included already clinical has confirmed the reduced tooth fungus spot and reduces the gum inflammation active constituent or the system oral cavity nurses the thing the effect, may choose the suitable gum inflammation patient, the confirmation includes the same density active constituent to examine the product and the masculine comparison product , also should set up the negative comparison or the placebo comparison group. 3. products (for example toothpaste) includes differently, is possible when affects the reduced tooth fungus spot and reduces the gum inflammation active excipient (non- active constituent), its merit effect through clinical test confirmation. In 4. formulas the active constituent biology and the stability needs to provide the effective proof by the applicant. Second, the research design (is stochastic and comparison) generally should use method, the lamination, two units parallel observations clinical research technique blindly. Third, the experimental deadline reduction tooth fungus spot and reduces the gum inflammation the clinical laboratory to need the viewing time to be longer. Generally should be 6 months, at least carries on three times of clinical examinations (baseline, 3 months, 6 months). Fourth, research object: For tallies trying brings into line with and removes the standard to contract the gum inflammation the adult male and the female. The common each group completes experimental the crowd quantity to be supposed to be bigger than 30 people. Fifth, the inspection target or uses index 1. to be supposed to include the recognition the tooth fungus spot index and the reflection gum inflammation degree target. Former including the tooth fungus spot cover area (for example by Turesky improvement Quigley & Hein PLI) or fungus spot thickness (Silness & L e PLI), should observe nearby the reason and the neighbouring surface fungus spot with emphasis. When selects the above target, should give the reason. The use gum hemorrhage index recording inflammation serious degree, may use BI (Mazza) or MBI, after also may use BOP% (namely to search examines has hemorrhage position spot to occupy the entire mouth total position spot %). Also may use by the edge and the nipple the shape color changes for the foundation index, like gum index (GI). If has used the alternative means, these methods should have at least the same sensitivity. 2. in principle should inspect and record entire mouth all toeet, each tooth inspects 6 units places (cheek center, cheek side central committee, cheek side far center, tongue center, tongue side central committee, tongue side is far) or 4 units places (cheek side three units places and tongue side central). Not suitably uses represents the tooth (for example the Ramfjord tooth, the CPI tooth and so on). Sixth, the product provides and uses 1. to receive examines the product and the masculine comparison product should include the same active principle and the density, other supplementary materials and so on become the duty same or are similar. The outside wrapping and the outward appearance should be same, if cannot meet this requirements, then only can implement the list blind experiment, provides the product by the non- inspector. 2. to receives the trying explanation operation requirements and the matters needing attention. Achieves as far as possible quantitative, the toothpaste each time amount of use (for example paste body length is 1 centimeter, contains rinses fluid each time 10ml or a bottle cap and so on), the unification uses the number of times every day, the duration and so on. 3. should maintain as far as possible besides the confirmation product the condition is consistent, if possesses the trying use same toothbrush, but may maintain the trying original custom is cleaned the teeth the method. Because (1) even if teaches to unify the method, the uncertain each person all can very good grasp and observe; (2) Causes the experiment comparatively to conform to in the real life the different crowd's situation. Seventh, the effect appraises 1. to press the medicine statistical method, to experiments the group and around the comparison component other statistics experiment each target entire mouth average value change situation; And carries on two groups of between each o'clock compartment, various targets change statistics analysis. 2. The effect evaluates should based on each clinical target average value change and the group quite definite, reported should list each value and statistics result, not the suitable pure use from draws up four levels of evaluation criterias (show results, effectively, progressive, are invalid). In each clinical research, the comparison group and the experimental group compare, each target reduction should satisfy the following condition: [ (Comparison - experiment)/comparison ] >= 15%. 3. controls the gum inflammation through the reduced fungus spot quantity either the change fungus spot pathogenicity the product to be supposed to determine the fungus spot quantity the reduction or pathogenic decreasing, and has statistics difference.
The fourth part of reduced tooth fungus spot and reduces the gum
inflammation the examination standard applicable scope: This standard
is suitable to the appraisal and the confirmation includes the reduced
tooth fungus spot and reduces the gum inflammation ingredient the
product, including the toothpaste, rinses the saliva as well as other
products. Formulates literature and standard which this standard
refers: The reduced tooth fungus spot and reduces the gum inflammation
the clinical test one, the principle of equality 1. Includes the new
active constituent either the system product includes the new active
constituent or the system reduced tooth fungus spot and reduces the
gum inflammation the product merit effect by two independent clinical
laboratories confirmations. 2. includes clinical has confirmed the
active constituent product was included already clinical has confirmed
the reduced tooth fungus spot and reduces the gum inflammation active
constituent or the system oral cavity nurses the thing the effect, may
choose the suitable gum inflammation patient, the confirmation
includes the same density active constituent to examine the product
and the masculine comparison product 等效性, also should set up the
negative comparison or the placebo comparison group. 3. products (for
example toothpaste) includes differently, is possible when affects the
reduced tooth fungus spot and reduces the gum inflammation active
excipient (non- active constituent), its merit effect through clinical
test confirmation. In 4. formulas the active constituent biology
利用度 and the stability needs to provide the effective proof by
the applicant. Second, the research design (is stochastic and
comparison) generally should use method, the lamination, two units
parallel observations clinical research technique blindly. Third, the
experimental deadline reduction tooth fungus spot and reduces the gum
inflammation the clinical laboratory to need the viewing time to be
longer. Generally should be 6 months, at least carries on three times
of clinical examinations (baseline, 3 months, 6 months). Fourth,
research object: For tallies trying brings into line with and removes
the standard to contract the gum inflammation the adult male and the
female. The common each group completes experimental the crowd
quantity to be supposed to be bigger than 30 people. Fifth, the
inspection target or uses index 1. to be supposed to include the
recognition the tooth fungus spot index and the reflection gum
inflammation degree target. Former including the tooth fungus spot
cover area (for example by Turesky improvement Quigley & Hein PLI) or
fungus spot thickness (Silness & L □e PLI), should observe 龈
nearby the reason and the neighbouring surface fungus spot with
emphasis. When selects the above target, should give the reason. The
use gum hemorrhage index recording 龈 inflammation serious degree,
may use BI (Mazza) or MBI, after also may use BOP% (namely to search
examines has hemorrhage position spot to occupy the entire mouth total
position spot %). Also may use by 龈 the edge and 龈 the nipple the
shape color changes for the foundation index, like gum index (GI). If
has used the alternative means, these methods should have at least the
same sensitivity. 2. in principle should inspect and record entire
mouth all toeet, each tooth inspects 6 units places (cheek 侧近
center, cheek side central committee, cheek side far center, tongue
侧近 center, tongue side central committee, tongue side is far) or 4
units places (cheek side three units places and tongue side central).
Not suitably uses represents the tooth (for example the Ramfjord
tooth, the CPI tooth and so on). Sixth, the product provides and uses
1. to receive examines
Part IV reduce inflammation of the gums behind and mitigation standards Application : The standards applicable to the assessment and certification contain enough to reduce inflammation and alleviate inner components of products including toothpaste, wash water and other products. The enactment of this standard reference literature and standards : Ability to reduce inflammation and alleviate Most clinical trials First, the general principles 1. Containing new active ingredients or product system Containing new active ingredients or systematic enough to reduce inflammation and alleviate back the efficacy of products should be two independent clinical testing certification. 2. Has been tested to contain the active ingredient clinical products Clinical containing has been tested to reduce plaque and periodontal inflammation active ingredients or reduce the system's effectiveness oral care supplies, choose appropriate Yakenyan patients, the certification contain the same concentration of active ingredients imported products and products with the equivalent of positive, but also negative in the establishment of a control group or placebo. 3. Products (such as toothpaste) containing different, may affect ability to reduce inflammation and alleviate Most of the 237,448 active (non-reactive components), its effectiveness through clinical testing certification. 4. Biological active ingredients, recipes and stability needed for use by the applicant to provide effective proof. Second, the research design (random and compare) General law should be applied blind, stratified, two units parallel observation clinical research methods. Third, the duration of the pilot Ability to reduce inflammation and alleviate Most clinical trials required to observe longer. Normally be for six months, at least three clinical examination (baseline, three months, six months). 4, the study : Applying the exclusion criteria and to meet with Yakenyan into adult male and female. General group completed pilot groups should be greater than the number 30. 5, inspection or use indicators index 1. Should include recognized easily index and the indicators reflect the degree of periodontal inflammation. The former includes enough coverage (such as from the Turesky improved Quigley & Hein PLI) or Junban thickness (Silness & L ö e PLI), the focus should be observed near the gums and neighbors face the fate Junban. In selecting the above-mentioned indicators, should be explained and justified. Use the index recorded Kenyan bleeding gums extent of available BI (controls) or MBI, also available BOP% (mine up the place after a bleeding point total population% of the total spaces points). May also be used to bite and bite at the nipple changes colour patterns based index, such as the ability index (GI). If the use of other methods, these methods should have at least the same sensitivity. 2. In principle, there should be checks and records all around the mouth of teeth, dental check every six spaces points (adjacent to the mouth, cheek side of the central and lateral entry far, nearly broke side, adjacent to the tongue, tongue side far), or four spaces points (adjacent to three entry points and places adjacent to the tongue). Inappropriate use of teeth (as Ramfjord teeth, CPI teeth, etc.). 6, the issuance and use of products 1. Quick comparison of products and positive effective products should contain the same concentration of ingredients and other textiles, and other elements should be identical or similar. Overpack and appearance should be similar, if not achieved this requirement, then only a single blind testing by the inspection of non-payment products. 2. To the degree that use requirements and attention matters. As far as possible quantitative, toothpaste every usage (such as the length of one Gaoti centimeters, or one 10ml bottle each Hanshu fluid, etc.), daily use of uniform frequency, duration, etc. 3. In addition to the certification of products should be maintained outside the terms agreed, as all use the same toothbrush degree, but can maintain the original degree Brushing habits. First, because even with the uniform methodology, not necessarily good person can grasp and compliance; Second, to test a more realistic life different groups. 7, the evaluation results 1. According to the medical statistical methods to test and control groups, respectively, the indicators of statistical tests and the entire population mean changes; And the time between the two groups, and changes in the statistical analysis of the indicators. 2. Results of the assessment should be based on the clinical indicators and distance changes between the comparative group identified, the report should include the value of statistics and the results should not simply be used from the 4 evaluation criteria (soil, effective, progress, invalid). In each clinical research, testing group compared with a control group, the target should be reduced to meet the following conditions : [(contrast-test) / contrast ]=15%. 3. By reducing the volume or change Junban Junban pathogenic inflammation of the gums and control products should be reduced or volume measurement Junban reduce pathogenic nature, and have statistical differences.
不晓得准不?
想要找翻译公司有两个途径：1、线下附近的翻译机构；2、线上翻译公司
线上翻译公司必须要看跑政通了，我就是在这上面做的翻译，不管是签证、移民、还是留学材料、都可以并办理翻译。是个比较正规且靠谱的翻译公司，翻译资质齐全，可以翻译各种语言及各种类型的证件、材料、文件等等，效率很快，基本当天就能搞定。下面是步骤，有需要的宝子们可以试试。
1、支付宝或者微信搜索【跑政通】
2、进入跑政通小程序，找到【翻译】
3、然后选择需要翻译的证件类型，上传扫描件或者添加客服提出要求，等待翻译完成。
线上翻译真的很省事，还节约了时间，如果很着急要的话，也可以加急处理。重点翻译出来的材料是被认可的，不用反复折腾。这么好的小程序可不得让更多人知道！
(颜松吴13433298657)急求医学英语翻译,非常感谢althoughthestudyoft ______ 虽然这些选择性的研究甚为罕见,家族性(familial form)房颤(AF)可能为这疾病的分子路径(molecular pathways)提供深入的了解,但被识别出来的遗传缺陷(genetic defects),未必足以代表较常见的非家族性(nonfamilial form)的发病机制(pathogenesis).
(颜松吴13433298657)医学专业用语英文翻译 急!!! ______ 【Abstract】Objective: To explore the Cesarean section of the causes and prevention. Methods 2003 to 2007 3,158 cases of caesarean section cases were reviewed analysis of blood loss. 1, cesarean uterine bleeding is mainly due to contraction ...
(颜松吴13433298657)请帮忙翻译下面这段医学文字为英语版本... ______ 1.1 Scope of application: The importation of used mainly for heating the liquid body; VBS transfusion-131 (liquid) temperature (hereinafter referred to as the temperature), to facilitate the importation of heating the blood and fluids of patients. The use ...
(颜松吴13433298657)求英语翻译~急急急.医学方面的. - ______ Of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and in patients with unstable angina (SA) in patients with MMP-9, M-SCF, CRP and morphological characteristics of the plaque, and the impact of treatment intervention. ACS to observe the 35 cases and 27 ...
(颜松吴13433298657)英文翻译医学术语. - ______ here is a summary of what I know about my health condition 个人健康状况概述 background 病史(不要一看到background 就翻译为“背景”!) as a very young baby i had a blockage of my pyloric valve. i couldn't eat or digestfood. major surgery at...
(颜松吴13433298657)关于医学方面的翻译.请帮忙! - ______ cupuncture point copying : blood pressure Kong at the center behind by the liver Taichong cave (located in the first and second toe bones in the front Department). Quxue methods : sitting or lying face upward from the first and second toes toes push...
(颜松吴13433298657)求英语高手帮忙翻译一下这段话,医学方面的. ______ 如发生阴道出血、膀胱痉挛和阴道感染等症状,必须立即进行积极治疗以防止瘘病复发.如发生二次阴道出血,则需要进行重新包扎并卧床休息.预防性抗胆碱药可减少膀胱痉挛.如有需要,也可以服用颠茄和鸦片栓剂.在手术前和手术后都应该连续服用抗生素以防止阴道感染. ------------------------------------------- 我不是学医的,不过觉得自己翻译的挺到位了.
(颜松吴13433298657)请医学英语翻译高手帮忙翻译句子.At no point in time did patients with successful internal fixation display better outcomes in regard to hip pain or mobility than ... - ______[答案] 直译:在股骨疼痛和动作灵活性方面,成功的内固定患者从未在任何时候表现出比置换的患者有更好的结果. 意译:针对股骨疼痛和动作灵活性来说,成功进行内固定的患者一向不如置换患者的效果好.
(颜松吴13433298657)英文翻译,医学有关的,麻烦别给个自己都读不通的,求能翻译明白的,急~~~ - ______ 肌张力障碍威尔逊帕金森症的表征为延髓突出(包括痉笑),相对持续的肢体障碍姿态,肢体震颤以及反射障碍.遗传性是常染色体显性遗传,已经被观察到新的突变.该负责基因被归类为DYT12并映射至染色体19q13.Na1/K1-ATPaseALPHA3 [PS:Na—K 泵由α、β两亚基组成.α亚基为分子量约 120KD 的跨膜蛋白,既有Na、K 结合位点,又具 ATP 酶活性,因此 Na—K 泵又称为 Na—K—ATP 酶.β亚基为小亚基,是分子量约 50KD 的糖蛋白.],催化亚基钠钾泵的代码.
(颜松吴13433298657)高手请帮忙翻译一个医学的英文单词,急求~mammography 或者是 mammogram ,请问是指“乳腺钼靶照相”的意思吗?(重点在“钼靶”)如果不是,那... - ______[答案] 这个意思就是“乳腺钼靶X光成像”
